sabato 25 febbraio 2023

1er dimanche de carême - 26 février 2023

https://www.catholique-blois.net/actualite/commentaires-evangile/commentaires-devangile/1er-dimanche-de-careme-26-fevrier-2023

Première lecture (Gn 2, 7-9 ; 3, 1-7a)

Le Seigneur Dieu modela l’homme avec la poussière tirée du sol ; il insuffla dans ses narines le souffle de vie, et l’homme devint un être vivant. Le Seigneur Dieu planta un jardin en Éden, à l’orient, et y plaça l’homme qu’il avait modelé. Le Seigneur Dieu fit pousser du sol toutes sortes d’arbres à l’aspect désirable et aux fruits savoureux ; il y avait aussi l’arbre de vie au milieu du jardin, et l’arbre de la connaissance du bien et du mal. Or le serpent était le plus rusé de tous les animaux des champs que le Seigneur Dieu avait faits. Il dit à la femme : « Alors, Dieu vous a vraiment dit : ‘Vous ne mangerez d’aucun arbre du jardin’ ? » La femme répondit au serpent : « Nous mangeons les fruits des arbres du jardin. Mais, pour le fruit de l’arbre qui est au milieu du jardin, Dieu a dit : ‘Vous n’en mangerez pas, vous n’y toucherez pas, sinon vous mourrez.’ » Le serpent dit à la femme : « Pas du tout ! Vous ne mourrez pas ! Mais Dieu sait que, le jour où vous en mangerez, vos yeux s’ouvriront, et vous serez comme des dieux, connaissant le bien et le mal. » La femme s’aperçut que le fruit de l’arbre devait être savoureux, qu’il était agréable à regarder et qu’il était désirable, cet arbre, puisqu’il donnait l’intelligence. Elle prit de son fruit, et en mangea. Elle en donna aussi à son mari, et il en mangea. Alors leurs yeux à tous deux s’ouvrirent et ils se rendirent compte qu’ils étaient nus.

– Parole du Seigneur. 

Psaume (Ps  50 (51), 3-4, 5-6ab, 12-13, 14.17)

Pitié pour moi, mon Dieu, dans ton amour, selon ta grande miséricorde, efface mon péché. Lave-moi tout entier de ma faute, purifie-moi de mon offense. Oui, je connais mon péché, ma faute est toujours devant moi. Contre toi, et toi seul, j’ai péché, ce qui est mal à tes yeux, je l’ai fait. Crée en moi un cœur pur, ô mon Dieu, renouvelle et raffermis au fond de moi mon esprit. Ne me chasse pas loin de ta face, ne me reprends pas ton esprit saint. Rends-moi la joie d’être sauvé ; que l’esprit généreux me soutienne. Seigneur, ouvre mes lèvres, et ma bouche annoncera ta louange. 

Deuxième lecture (Rm 5, 12-19)

Frères, nous savons que par un seul homme, le péché est entré dans le monde, et que par le péché est venue la mort ; et ainsi, la mort est passée en tous les hommes, étant donné que tous ont péché. Avant la loi de Moïse, le péché était déjà dans le monde, mais le péché ne peut être imputé à personne tant qu’il n’y a pas de loi. Pourtant, depuis Adam jusqu’à Moïse, la mort a établi son règne, même sur ceux qui n’avaient pas péché par une transgression semblable à celle d’Adam. Or, Adam préfigure celui qui devait venir. Mais il n’en va pas du don gratuit comme de la faute. En effet, si la mort a frappé la multitude par la faute d’un seul, combien plus la grâce de Dieu s’est-elle répandue en abondance sur la multitude, cette grâce qui est donnée en un seul homme, Jésus Christ. Le don de Dieu et les conséquences du péché d’un seul n’ont pas la même mesure non plus : d’une part, en effet, pour la faute d’un seul, le jugement a conduit à la condamnation ; d’autre part, pour une multitude de fautes, le don gratuit de Dieu conduit à la justification. Si, en effet, à cause d’un seul homme, par la faute d’un seul, la mort a établi son règne, combien plus, à cause de Jésus Christ et de lui seul, régneront-ils dans la vie, ceux qui reçoivent en abondance le don de la grâce qui les rend justes. Bref, de même que la faute commise par un seul a conduit tous les hommes à la condamnation, de même l’accomplissement de la justice par un seul a conduit tous les hommes à la justification qui donne la vie. En effet, de même que par la désobéissance d’un seul être humain la multitude a été rendue pécheresse, de même par l’obéissance d’un seul la multitude sera-t-elle rendue juste.

– Parole du Seigneur.

Évangile (Mt 4, 1-11)

En ce temps-là, Jésus fut conduit au désert par l’Esprit pour être tenté par le diable. Après avoir jeûné quarante jours et quarante nuits, il eut faim. Le tentateur s’approcha et lui dit : « Si tu es Fils de Dieu, ordonne que ces pierres deviennent des pains. » Mais Jésus répondit : « Il est écrit : L’homme ne vit pas seulement de pain, mais de toute parole qui sort de la bouche de Dieu . » Alors le diable l’emmène à la Ville sainte, le place au sommet du Temple et lui dit : « Si tu es Fils de Dieu, jette-toi en bas ; car il est écrit : Il donnera pour toi des ordres à ses anges, et : Ils te porteront sur leurs mains, de peur que ton pied ne heurte une pierre. » Jésus lui déclara : « Il est encore écrit : Tu ne mettras pas à l’épreuve le Seigneur ton Dieu . » Le diable l’emmène encore sur une très haute montagne et lui montre tous les royaumes du monde et leur gloire. Il lui dit : « Tout cela, je te le donnerai, si, tombant à mes pieds, tu te prosternes devant moi. » Alors, Jésus lui dit : « Arrière, Satan ! car il est écrit : C’est le Seigneur ton Dieu que tu adoreras, à lui seul tu rendras un culte. » Alors le diable le quitte. Et voici que des anges s’approchèrent, et ils le servaient.

– Acclamons la Parole de Dieu. 

La liberté de pécher.


La liturgie de ce jour nous invite à commencer ce carême par une réflexion sur le péché.  Après tout, si nous sommes invités dans le temps du carême à nous convertir, c’est à dire à nous tourner vers Dieu, c’est bien parce qu’il faut se détourner de quelque chose, en l’occurrence le péché. Mais qu’est-ce que le péché ? Certains le voient partout, d’autres nulle part et, on l’utilise souvent plus pour condamner les autres que pour se remettre en question.

I/ Péché ou Mal ? (Gn 2-3)

On confond bien souvent les deux. S’ils sont liés, le péché conduit au mal ou provoque le mal, ils ne sont pas identiques. Dans notre récit de Genèse 2-3, qui est un conte sapientiel, écrit après l’exil à Babylone, le mal est représenté par le serpent et le péché résulte de la conduite d’Adam. Le mal, la Bible s’interroge beaucoup sur ce qu’il est mais elle ne fournit aucune réponse satisfaisante. On ne sait d’où vient le serpent qui parle et pourtant il est là au cœur de la création. Le mal est ce qu’on subit, ce qui nous dépasse, ce qui nous fait souffrir et nous révolte. Il peut jaillir de notre cœur ou bien venir du dehors. La Bible nous dit seulement qu’il est étranger à Dieu et qu’il ne peut venir de Dieu. On l’appelle serpent, Satan, celui qui divise et qui sème le trouble, la confusion, il échappe à la compréhension. Le péché par contre vient de l’homme lui-même. Le péché est volontaire et conscient, il est le résultat d’une action libre de l’homme envers Dieu et son prochain. Le mal n’est pas de notre ressort, mais le péché oui. Confondre les deux permet de se dédouaner à bon compte. Pour accéder à la vie de Dieu, il nous est demandé de rejeter le péché qui conduit au mal et de nous en remettre à la miséricorde de Dieu. Il faut purifier son cœur, c’est le temps du carême.

II/ Péché et cœur. (Rm 5)

C’est du cœur de l’homme que vient le péché, pas de l’extérieur. Ce n’est pas une question de nourriture dit le Christ, ni une question de suivre une Loi. Comme le dit Paul, le péché était là avant la Loi. On ne pèche pas au regard d’une règle à suivre ou d’un précepte moral, mais on pèche dans notre cœur. Pour les prophètes, le péché se résume à deux mots : idolâtrie et injustice. L’idolâtrie, c’est le péché envers Dieu dont je me détourne pour me rendre esclavage de tout ce qui m’enchaîne. L’injustice, c’est le péché envers le prochain envers lequel je ne me comporte pas de façon juste et bonne. L’injustice et l’idolâtrie sont le cœur de tout péché. Adam commet le péché d’idolâtrie en voulant se faire Dieu à la place de Dieu. Quant à l’injustice, elle jaillit du cœur et nous est dévoilée dans le récit des tentations de Jésus. Ce sont des péchés qu’on entend guère dans le sacrement de réconciliation, mais qui sont pourtant les plus importants : l’égoïsme, l’orgueil, le désir de toute puissance. Voilà les vrais péchés qu’affronte Jésus au désert et que nous avons tous à affronter. En me coupant des autres et de Dieu, en me mettant au-dessus des autres et de Dieu, en voulant tout et en n’acceptant aucune limite à ma convoitise, je suis pécheur et ce péché vient du cœur. 

III/ Péché et liberté. (Mt 4)

Parce que le péché vient de moi, je suis capable de le maîtriser et de le rejeter. C’est le sens de l’évangile de ce jour. Je peux être plus fort que mon égoïsme, que mon orgueil ou que mon désir de tout contrôler. A la suite du Christ, je peux dire non à ces tentations qui se présentent à moi chaque jour. La tentation fait peur, mais en même temps elle est le signe de la liberté qu’il nous est donné. Qui dit péché, dit liberté. La Loi peut me servir de guide face au péché, mais la Foi peut me permettre d’être plus fort que lui et de le rejeter. C’est ce que nous serons appelés à faire lors de la Vigile Pascale en renouvelant les vœux de notre baptême. Le temps du carême est un temps où je prends le temps de me confronter à mes tentations, de reconnaître que j’ai parfois succombé, mais aussi de m’en remettre avec confiance à l’amour miséricordieux de DieuC’est pour cela que notre temps de carême se clôt avec une cérémonie pénitentielle, pour accueillir pleinement la joie de Pâques et tourner le dos à notre péché.

P. Damien Stampers 


venerdì 24 febbraio 2023

HALLEL הַלֵּל (Hallèl)


 

I Domenica di Quaresima (Anno A) (26/02/2023) - Porgere l'altra guancia è un atto per disarmare - padre Ermes Ronchi

https://www.qumran2.net/parolenuove/commenti.php?mostra_id=58916

 Visualizza Mt 4,1-11

In quel tempo, 1Gesù fu condotto dallo Spirito nel deserto, per essere tentato dal diavolo. 2Dopo aver digiunato quaranta giorni e quaranta notti, alla fine ebbe fame. 3Il tentatore gli si avvicinò e gli disse: «Se tu sei Figlio di Dio, di’ che queste pietre diventino pane». 4Ma egli rispose: «Sta scritto:

Non di solo pane vivrà l’uomo,

ma di ogni parola che esce dalla bocca di Dio».

5Allora il diavolo lo portò nella città santa, lo pose sul punto più alto del tempio 6e gli disse: «Se tu sei Figlio di Dio, gèttati giù; sta scritto infatti:

Ai suoi angeli darà ordini a tuo riguardo

ed essi ti porteranno sulle loro mani

perché il tuo piede non inciampi in una pietra».

7Gesù gli rispose: «Sta scritto anche:

Non metterai alla prova il Signore Dio tuo».

8Di nuovo il diavolo lo portò sopra un monte altissimo e gli mostrò tutti i regni del mondo e la loro gloria 9e gli disse: «Tutte queste cose io ti darò se, gettandoti ai miei piedi, mi adorerai». 10Allora Gesù gli rispose: «Vattene, Satana! Sta scritto infatti:

Il Signore, Dio tuo, adorerai:

a lui solo renderai culto».

11Allora il diavolo lo lasciò, ed ecco, degli angeli gli si avvicinarono e lo servivano.

----------------------------------------------

Da tre domeniche camminiamo sui crinali da vertigine del discorso della montagna. Vangeli davanti ai quali non sappiamo bene come stare: se tentare di edulcorarli, oppure relegarli nel repertorio delle pie illusioni. Ci soccorre un elenco di situazioni molto concrete che Gesù mette in fila: schiaffo, tunica, miglio, denaro in prestito. E le soluzioni che propone, in perfetta sintonia: l'altra guancia, il mantello, due miglia. Molto semplice, niente che un bambino non possa capire, nessuna teoria complicata, solo gesti quotidiani, una santità che sa di abiti, di strade, di gesti, di polvere. “Gesù parla della vita con le parole proprie della vita” (C. Bobin).

Fu detto occhio per occhio. Ma io vi dico: Se uno ti dà uno schiaffo sulla guancia destra, tu porgigli anche l'altra. Quello che Gesù propone non è la sottomissione dei paurosi, ma una presa di posizione coraggiosa: “tu porgi”, fai tu il primo passo, tocca a te ricominciare la relazione, rammendando tenacemente il tessuto dei legami continuamente lacerato. Sono i gesti di Gesù che spiegano le sue parole: quando riceve uno schiaffo nella notte della prigionia, Gesù non risponde porgendo l'altra guancia, ma chiede ragione alla guardia: se ho parlato male dimostramelo. Lo vediamo indignarsi, e quante volte, per un'ingiustizia, per un bambino scacciato, per il tempio fatto mercato, per le maschere e il cuore di pietra dei pii e dei devoti. E collocarsi così dentro la tradizione profetica dell'ira sacra.Non ci chiede di essere lo zerbino della storia, ma di inventarsi qualcosa - un gesto, una parola - che possa disarmare e disarmarci. Di scegliere, liberamente, di non far proliferare il male, attraverso il perdono “che strappa dai circoli viziosi, spezza la coazione a ripetere su altri ciò che hai subito, strappa la catena della colpa e della vendetta, spezza le simmetrie dell'odio” (Hanna Arendt).

Perché noi siamo più della storia che ci ha partorito e ferito. Siamo come il Padre: “Perché siate figli del Padre che fa sorgere il sole sui cattivi e sui buoni”. Addirittura Gesù inizia dai cattivi, forse perché i loro occhi sono più in debito di luce, più in ansia. Io che non farò mai sorgere o tramontare nessun sole, posso però far spuntare un grammo di luce, una minima stella. Quante volte ho visto sorgere il sole dentro gli occhi di una persona: bastava un ascolto fatto col cuore, un aiuto concreto, un abbraccio vero! Agisci come il Padre, o amerai il contrario della vita: dona un po' di sole, un po' d'acqua, a chiunque, senza chiederti se lo meriti o no. Perché chi ha meritato un giorno di abbeverarsi all'oceano della Vita, merita di bere oggi al tuo ruscello

mercoledì 22 febbraio 2023

POPE FRANCIS - GENERAL AUDIENCE 22 February 2023 - Catechesis. The passion for evangelization: the apostolic zeal of the believer. 6. The protagonist of the proclamation: the Holy Spiri

https://www.vatican.va/content/francesco/en/audiences/2023/documents/20230222-udienza-generale.html

Dear brothers and sisters, good morning and welcome!

In our catechetical itinerary on the passion for evangelizing, today we start from the words of Jesus that we have heard: ‘Go and make disciples of all nations, baptising them in the name of the Father and of the Son and of the Holy Spirit’ (Mt 28:19). ‘Go,’ says the Risen One, ‘not to indoctrinate, not to make proselytes, no, but to make disciples, that is, to give everyone the opportunity to come into contact with Jesus, to know and love Him freely. Go and baptise: to baptise means to immerse; and therefore, before indicating a liturgical action, it expresses a vital action: to immerse one’s life in the Father, in the Son, in the Holy Spirit; to experience every day the joy of the presence of God who is close to us as Father, as Brother, as Spirit acting in us, in our very spirit.” To be baptised is to immerse oneself in the Trinity

When Jesus says to His disciples – and also to us – ‘Go!’, He is not just communicating a word. No. He communicates the Holy Spirit at the same time, because it is only thanks to Him, thanks to the Spirit, that one can receive Christ's mission and carry it out (cf. Jn 20:21-22). The Apostles, in fact, out of fear, remain closed up in the Upper Room until the day of Pentecost arrives and the Holy Spirit descends upon them (cf. Acts 2:1-13). And in that moment the fear is gone, and with His power those fishermen, mostly unlettered, will change the world. ‘But if they can’t speak…?’ But it is the word of the Spirit, the strength of the Spirit that bears them onward to change the world. The proclamation of the Gospel, therefore, is only realized in the power of the Spirit, who precedes the missionaries and prepares hearts: He is ‘the engine of evangelisation.’

We discover this in the Acts of the Apostles, where on every page we see that the protagonist of the proclamation is not Peter, Paul, Stephen, or Philip, but is the Holy Spirit. Staying with the book of Acts, a pivotal moment in the beginning of the Church is recounted, which can also say a lot to us. Then, as now, tribulations were not lacking, beautiful moments and not so beautiful moments, joys were accompanied by worries, both of these. One worry in particular: how to deal with the pagans who came to the faith, with those who did not belong to the Jewish people, for example. Were they or were they not bound to observe the prescriptions of the Mosaic Law? This was no small matter for those people. Two groups were thus formed, between those who considered the observance of the Law indispensable and those who did not. In order to discern, the Apostles gathered in what was called the ‘Council of Jerusalem,’ the first in history. How to resolve the dilemma? They might have sought a good compromise between tradition and innovation: some rules are observed, and others are left aside. Yet the Apostles do not follow this human wisdom to seek a diplomatic balance between the one and the other, they don’t follow this, but adapting to the work of the Spirit, who had anticipated them by descending upon the pagans as He had upon them.

And so, removing almost every obligation related to the Law, they communicate the final decisions, made – and this is what they write – ‘by the Holy Spirit and by us’ (cf. Acts 15:28), and this went out, ‘the Holy Spirit with us,’ and the Apostles always acted in this way. Together, without being divided, despite having different sensitivities and opinions, they listen to the Spirit. And He teaches one thing, which is also valid today: every religious tradition is useful if it facilitates the encounter with Jesus, every religious tradition is useful if it facilitates the encounter with Jesus We could say that the historic decision of the first Council, from which we also benefit, was motivated by a principle, the principle of proclamation: everything in the Church must be conformed to the requirements of the proclamation of the Gospel; not to the opinions of the conservatives or the progressives, but to the fact that Jesus reaches people’s lives. Therefore, every choice, every usage, every structure, and every tradition is be evaluated on the basis of whether they favour the proclamation of Christ. And when decisions are found in the Church – for example ideological divisions: ‘I am conservative because...’ ‘I am progressive because...’ But where is the Holy Spirit? Be careful that the Gospel is not an idea, the Gospel is not an ideology: the Gospel is a proclamation that touches your heart and makes you change your heart, but if you take refuge in an idea, in an ideology, whether right or left or centre, you are making the Gospel a political party, an ideology, a club of people. The Gospel always gives you this freedom of the Spirit that acts within you and carries you forward. And how much it requires of us today to take hold of the freedom of the Gospel and allow ourselves to be carried forward by the Spirit.

In this way the Spirit sheds light on the path of the Church, always. In fact, He is  not only the light of hearts; He is the light that orients the Church: He brings clarity, helps to distinguish, helps to discern. This is why it is necessary to invoke Him often; let us also do so today, at the beginning of Lent. Because, as Church, we can have well-defined times and spaces, well-organised communities, institutes and movements, but without the Spirit, everything remains soulless. The organization… it won’t do, it’s not enough: it is the Spirit that gives life to the Church. The Church, if it does not pray to Him and invoke Him, closes in on itself, in sterile and exhausting debates, in wearisome polarisations, while the flame of the mission is extinguished. It is very sad to see the Church as if it were nothing more than a parliament. The Church is something else. The Church is the community of men and women who believe and proclaim Jesus Christ, but moved by the Holy Spirit, not by their own reason. Yes, you use your reason, but the Spirit comes to enlighten and move it. The Spirit makes us go forth, urges us to proclaim the faith in order to confirm ourselves in the faith, to go on mission to discover who we are. That is why the Apostle Paul recommends: ‘Do not quench the Spirit’ (1 Thess 5:19). Do not quench the Spirit. Let us pray to the Spirit often, let us invoke him, let us ask him every day to kindle his light in us. Let us do this before each encounter, to become apostles of Jesus with the people we find. Don’t quench the Spirit, either in the community or in each one of us.

Dear brothers and sisters, let us start, and start anew, as Church, from the Holy Spirit. ‘It is undoubtedly important that in our pastoral planning we start from sociological surveys, analyses, the list of difficulties, the list of expectations and even complaints, this must be done, in order to touch reality. However, it is far more important to start from the experiences of the Spirit: that is the real departure. And it is therefore necessary to seek them out, list them, study them, interpret them. It is a fundamental principle that, in the spiritual life, is called the primacy of consolation over desolation. First there is the Spirit who consoles, revives, enlightens, moves; then there will also be desolation, suffering, darkness, but the principle for adjusting in the darkness is the light of the Spirit’ (C. M. Martini, Evangelising in the Consolation of the Spirit, 25 September 1997). This is the principle to guide ourselves in things we do not understand, in confusions, even in such great darkness, it is important. Let us ask ourselves, each one of us, let us ask ourselves if we open ourselves up to this light, if we give it space: do I invoke the Spirit? Each of us can answer within ourselves. How many of pray to the Spirit? ‘No, Father, I pray to Our Lady, I pray to the Saints, I pray to Jesus, sometimes I pray the Our Father, I pray to the Father…’ ‘And the Holy Spirit? Don’t you pray to the Holy Spirit, who is the one who moves your heart, who brings you consolation, who brings you the desire to evangelize, undertake mission? Do I let myself be guided by Him, who invites me not to close in on myself but to bear Jesus, to bear witness to the primacy of God’s consolation over the desolation of the world? May our Lady, who has understood this well, help us to understand it.

Edward Munch, Four Girl on the Bridge


 

venerdì 17 febbraio 2023

Omelia - VII Domenica del Tempo Ordinario (Anno A) (19/02/2023) - Porgere l'altra guancia è un atto per disarmare - padre Ermes Ronchi

https://www.qumran2.net/parolenuove/commenti.php?mostra_id=58859

Vangelo: Mt 5,38-48 

In quel tempo, Gesù disse ai suoi discepoli: «38Avete inteso che fu detto: Occhio per occhio e dente per dente. 39Ma io vi dico di non opporvi al malvagio; anzi, se uno ti dà uno schiaffo sulla guancia destra, tu pórgigli anche l’altra, 40e a chi vuole portarti in tribunale e toglierti la tunica, tu lascia anche il mantello. 41E se uno ti costringerà ad accompagnarlo per un miglio, tu con lui fanne due. 42Da’ a chi ti chiede, e a chi desidera da te un prestito non voltare le spalle.

43Avete inteso che fu detto: Amerai il tuo prossimo e odierai il tuo nemico. 44Ma io vi dico: amate i vostri nemici e pregate per quelli che vi perseguitano, 45affinché siate figli del Padre vostro che è nei cieli; egli fa sorgere il suo sole sui cattivi e sui buoni, e fa piovere sui giusti e sugli ingiusti. 46Infatti, se amate quelli che vi amano, quale ricompensa ne avete? Non fanno così anche i pubblicani? 47E se date il saluto soltanto ai vostri fratelli, che cosa fate di straordinario? Non fanno così anche i pagani? 48Voi, dunque, siate perfetti come è perfetto il Padre vostro celeste».

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Da tre domeniche camminiamo sui crinali da vertigine del discorso della montagna. Vangeli davanti ai quali non sappiamo bene come stare: se tentare di edulcorarli, oppure relegarli nel repertorio delle pie illusioni. Ci soccorre un elenco di situazioni molto concrete che Gesù mette in fila: schiaffo, tunica, miglio, denaro in prestito. E le soluzioni che propone, in perfetta sintonia: l'altra guancia, il mantello, due miglia. Molto semplice, niente che un bambino non possa capire, nessuna teoria complicata, solo gesti quotidiani, una santità che sa di abiti, di strade, di gesti, di polvere. “Gesù parla della vita con le parole proprie della vita” (C. Bobin).

Fu detto occhio per occhio. Ma io vi dico: Se uno ti dà uno schiaffo sulla guancia destra, tu porgigli anche l'altra. Quello che Gesù propone non è la sottomissione dei paurosi, ma una presa di posizione coraggiosa: “tu porgi”, fai tu il primo passo, tocca a te ricominciare la relazione, rammendando tenacemente il tessuto dei legami continuamente lacerato. Sono i gesti di Gesù che spiegano le sue parole: quando riceve uno schiaffo nella notte della prigionia, Gesù non risponde porgendo l'altra guancia, ma chiede ragione alla guardia: se ho parlato male dimostramelo. Lo vediamo indignarsi, e quante volte, per un'ingiustizia, per un bambino scacciato, per il tempio fatto mercato, per le maschere e il cuore di pietra dei pii e dei devoti. E collocarsi così dentro la tradizione profetica dell'ira sacra. Non ci chiede di essere lo zerbino della storia, ma di inventarsi qualcosa - un gesto, una parola - che possa disarmare e disarmarci. Di scegliere, liberamente, di non far proliferare il male, attraverso il perdono “che strappa dai circoli viziosi, spezza la coazione a ripetere su altri ciò che hai subito, strappa la catena della colpa e della vendetta, spezza le simmetrie dell'odio” (Hanna Arendt).

Perché noi siamo più della storia che ci ha partorito e ferito. Siamo come il Padre: “Perché siate figli del Padre che fa sorgere il sole sui cattivi e sui buoni”. Addirittura Gesù inizia dai cattivi, forse perché i loro occhi sono più in debito di luce, più in ansia. Io che non farò mai sorgere o tramontare nessun sole, posso però far spuntare un grammo di luce, una minima stella. Quante volte ho visto sorgere il sole dentro gli occhi di una persona: bastava un ascolto fatto col cuore, un aiuto concreto, un abbraccio vero! Agisci come il Padre, o amerai il contrario della vita: dona un po' di sole, un po' d'acqua, a chiunque, senza chiederti se lo meriti o no. Perché chi ha meritato un giorno di abbeverarsi all'oceano della Vita, merita di bere oggi al tuo ruscello.

giovedì 16 febbraio 2023

BENEDICT XVI - GENERAL AUDIENCE - Virgin Mary: Icon of obedient faith - 19 December 201

https://www.vatican.va/content/benedict-xvi/en/audiences/2012/documents/hf_ben-xvi_aud_20121219.html

Dear Brothers and Sisters,

The Virgin Mary has a special place in the journey of Advent as the One who, in a unique way, awaited the fulfilment of God’s promises, welcoming Jesus the Son of God in faith and in the flesh and with full obedience to the divine will. Today, I wish to ponder briefly with you on Mary’s faith, starting from the great mystery of the Annunciation.

“Chaîre kecharitomene, ho Kyrios meta sou”, “Hail, [rejoice] full of grace, the Lord is with you” (Lk 1:28). These are the words — recorded by Luke the Evangelist — with which the Archangel Gabriel addresses Mary. At first sight the term chaire “rejoice”, seems an ordinary greeting, typical in the Greek world, but if this word is interpreted against the background of the biblical tradition it acquires a far deeper meaning. The same term occurs four times in the Greek version of the Old Testament and always as a proclamation of joy in the coming of the Messiah (cf. Zeph 3:14, Joel 2:21; Zech 9:9; Lam 4:21).

The Angel’s greeting to Mary is therefore an invitation to joy, deep joy. It announces an end to the sadness that exists in the world because of life’s limitations, suffering, death, wickedness, in all that seems to block out the light of the divine goodness. It is a greeting that marks the beginning of the Gospel, the Good News.

But why is Mary invited to rejoice in this way? The answer is to be found in the second part of the greeting: “The Lord is with you”. Here too, if we are to understand correctly the meaning of these words we must turn to the Old Testament. In the Book of Zephaniah, we find these words “Sing aloud, O daughter of Zion.... The King of Israel, the Lord, is in your midst.... The Lord, your God, in your midst, a warrior who gives victory” (3:14-17).

In these words a twofold promise is made to Israel, to the daughter of Zion: God will come as a saviour and will pitch his tent in his people’s midst, in the womb of the daughter of Zion. This promise is fulfilled to the letter in the dialogue between the Angel and Mary. Mary is identified with the people espoused by God, she is truly the daughter of Zion in person; in her the expectation of the definitive coming of God is fulfilled, in her the Living God makes his dwelling place.

In the greeting of the Angel Mary is called “full of grace”. In Greek, the term “grace”, charis, has the same linguistic root as the word “joy”. In this term too the source of Mary’s exultation is further clarified: her joy comes from grace, that is, from being in communion with God, from having such a vital connection with him, from being the dwelling place of the Holy Spirit, totally fashioned by God’s action. Mary is the creature who opened the door to her Creator in a special way, placing herself in his hands without reserve. She lived entirely from and in her relationship with the Lord; she was disposed to listen, alert to recognizing the signs of God in the journey of his people; she was integrated into a history of faith and hope in God’s promises with which the fabric of her life was woven. And she submitted freely to the word received, to the divine will in the obedience of faith.

The Evangelist Luke tells Mary’s story by aligning it closely to the history of Abraham. Just as the great Patriarch is the father of believers who responded to God’s call to leave the land in which he lived, to leave behind all that guaranteed his security in order to start out on the journey to an unknown land, assured only in the divine promise, so Mary trusts implicitly in the word that the messenger of God has announced to her, and becomes the model and Mother of all believers.

I would like to emphasize another important point: the opening of the soul to God and to his action in faith also includes an element of obscurity. The relationship of human beings with God does not delete the distance between Creator and creature, it does not eliminate what the Apostle Paul said before the depth of God’s wisdom: “How unsearchable are his judgements and how inscrutable his ways!” (Rom 11:33).

Yet those who — like Mary — open themselves totally to God, come to accept the divine will, even though it is mysterious, although it often does not correspond with their own wishes, and is a sword that pierces their soul, as the elderly Simeon would say prophetically to Mary when Jesus was presented in the Temple (cf. Lk 2:35). Abraham’s journey of faith included the moment of joy in the gift of his son Isaac, but also the period of darkness, when he had to climb Mount Moriah to execute a paradoxical order: God was asking him to sacrifice the son he had just given him. On the mountain, the Angel told him: “Do not lay your hand on the lad or do anything to him; for now I know that you fear God, seeing you have not withheld your son, your only son, from me” (Gen 22:12). Abraham's full trust in the God who is faithful to his promises did not fail, even when his word was mysterious and difficult, almost impossible to accept. So it is with Mary. Her faith experienced the joy of the Annunciation, but also passed through the gloom of the crucifixion of the Son to be able to reach the light of the Resurrection.

It is exactly the same on the journey of faith of each one of us: we encounter patches of light, but we also encounter stretches in which God seems absent, when his silence weighs on our hearts and his will does not correspond with ours, with our inclination to do as we like. However, the more we open ourselves to God, welcome the gift of faith and put our whole trust in him — like Abraham, like Mary — the more capable he will make us, with his presence, of living every situation of life in peace and assured of his faithfulness and his love. However, this means coming out of ourselves and our own projects so that the word of God may be the lamp that guides our thoughts and actions.

I would like once again to ponder on an aspect that surfaces in the infancy narratives of Jesus recounted by St Luke. Mary and Joseph take their Son to Jerusalem, to the Temple, to present him to the Lord and to consecrate him as required by Mosaic Law: “Every firstborn male shall be designated as holy to the Lord” (cf. Lk 2:22-24). The Holy Family’s action acquires an even more profound meaning if we interpret it in the light of the evangelical knowledge of the 12-year-old Jesus. After three days of searching he was found in the Temple in conversation with the teachers. The deeply anxious words of Mary and Joseph: “Son, why have you treated us so? Behold, your father and I have been looking for you anxiously”, are in conformity with Jesus’ mysterious answer: “How is it that you sought me? Did you not know that I must be in my Father’s house?” (Lk 2:48-49). The significance lies in the Father’s property, “in my Father’s house”, as a son is.

Mary is obliged to renew the profound faith with which she said “yes” at the Annunciation; she must accept that it is the true and proper Father of Jesus who has precedence; she must be able to leave the Son she has brought forth free to follow his mission. And Mary’s “yes” to God’s will, in the obedience of faith, is repeated throughout her life, until the most difficult moment, that of the Cross.

Confronting all this, we may ask ourselves: how was Mary able to journey on beside her Son with such a strong faith, even in darkness, without losing her full trust in the action of God? Mary assumes a fundamental approach in facing what happens in her life. At the Annunciation, on hearing the Angel’s words she is distressed — it is the fear a person feels when moved by God’s closeness — but it is not the attitude of someone who is afraid of what God might ask. Mary reflects, she ponders on the meaning of this greeting (cf. Lk 1:29). The Greek word used in the Gospel to define this “reflection”, “dielogizeto”, calls to mind the etymology of the word “dialogue”.

This means that Mary enters into a deep conversation with the Word of God that has been announced to her, she does not consider it superficially but meditates on it, lets it sink into her mind and her heart so as to understand what the Lord wants of her, the meaning of the announcement.

We find another hint of Mary's inner attitude to God’s action — again in the Gospel according to St Luke — at the time of Jesus’ birth, after the adoration of the shepherds. Luke affirms that Mary “kept all these things, pondering them in her heart” (Lk 2:19). In Greek the term is symballon, we could say that she “kept together”, “pieced together” in her heart all the events that were happening to her; she placed every individual element, every word, every event, within the whole and confronted it, cherished it, recognizing that it all came from the will of God.

Mary does not stop at a first superficial understanding of what is happening in her life, but can look in depth, she lets herself be called into question by events, digests them, discerns them, and attains the understanding that only faith can provide. It is the profound humility of the obedient faith of Mary, who welcomes within her even what she does not understand in God’s action, leaving it to God to open her mind and heart. “Blessed is she who believed that there would be a fulfilment of what was spoken to her from the Lord” (Lk 1:45), her kinswoman Elizabeth exclaims. It is exactly because of this faith that all generations will call her blessed.

Dear friends, the Solemnity of the Nativity of the Lord which we shall soon be celebrating invites us to practise this same humility and obedience of faith. The glory of God is not expressed in the triumph and power of a king, it does not shine out in a famous city or a sumptuous palace, but makes its abode in a virgin’s womb and is revealed in the poverty of a child. In our lives too, the almightiness of God acts with the force — often in silence — of truth and love. Thus faith tells us that in the end the defenceless power of that Child triumphs over the clamour of worldly powers. Many thanks!

Sunflower Van Gogh